热带雨林环境中典型霉菌对PCB-HASL腐蚀行为的影响

目的探究热带雨林环境中典型霉菌作用下PCB-HASL的腐蚀机制。方法将PCB-HASL试样灭菌后放入机箱,置于西双版纳户外进行2年的暴露试验,经不同周期取回,分析观察试样表面腐蚀情况。将筛选出的典型霉菌孢子液喷洒在无菌试样上,置于湿热环境中,通过激光共聚焦显微镜(3D LSCM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析试样表面形貌和成分,并观察霉菌的生长情况,使用电化学工作站及扫描开尔文探针(SKP)对PCB-HASL表面不同周期霉菌作用下的腐蚀电位进行分析。结果随着户外暴露周期的增加,PCB-HASL表面腐蚀面积逐渐增加,表面伏打电位先上升后下降。EDS能谱分析结果表明,腐蚀产物中主要含Sn 58.88%,O 30.93%,腐蚀产物主要为Sn的氧化物。木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)和光轮层炭壳菌(Daldinia eschscholtzii)覆盖区域腐蚀程度严重,腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)菌丝生长旺盛,中期腐蚀电位明显降低,由-0.3 V降至-0.52 V。结论西双版纳热带雨林环境中对PCB-HASL腐蚀作用显著的典型霉菌为Fusarium equiseti、Daldinia eschscholtzii和Fusarium solani,在湿热环境下会造成PCB-HASL的腐蚀,其腐蚀机制主要为薄液膜下的电化学腐蚀。     

Microhardness and wear resistance of Al2O3-TiB2-TiC ceramic coatings on carbon steel fabricated by laser cladding

Al₂O₃-TiB₂-TiC ceramic coatings with high microhardness and wear resistance were fabricated on the surfaces of carbon steel substrates by laser cladding using different coating formulations. The microstructures of these ceramic coatings with the different coating formulations were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer. The wear resistance and wear mechanism were analyzed using Vickers microhardness and sliding wear tests. The results showed that when the amount of independent Al₂O₃ was increased to 30%, the ceramic coatings had a favorable surface formation quality and strong metallurgical bond with the steel matrix. The cladding layer was uniformly and densely organized. The black massive Al₂O₃, white granular TiB₂, and TiC distributed on the Fe substrate significantly increased the microhardness and wear resistance. The laser cladding ceramic coating had many hard strengthening phases, and thus resisted the extrusion of rigid particles in frictional contact parts. Therefore, the wear process ended with a “cutting-off” loss mechanism.